The working principle, operating procedures, maintenance points, processing methods, and purchasing skills of pneumatic punching machines

The pneumatic punch is an automatic machine tool equipped with a program control system, which can be used for processing various metal sheet parts. It can actively complete a variety of miscellaneous hole patterns and shallow drawing forming at one time, and actively process holes of different shapes with different standards and hole spacing as required. How much do you know about the working principle of pneumatic punching machines? Do you understand the operating specifications of pneumatic presses? Next, let's introduce the working principle, processing methods, purchasing techniques, operating procedures, and maintenance points of pneumatic punch machines in detail.

Working principle of pneumatic punch: the design principle of pneumatic punch is to convert Circular motion into linear motion. The main electric actuator is used to drive the flywheel, and the clutch drives the gear, crankshaft (or gear), connecting rod, etc. to achieve the linear motion of the slider. The movement from the main electric actuator to the connecting rod is Circular motion.

The pneumatic punch applies pressure to the material to be processed, causing it to deform and obtain the required shape and accuracy. Therefore, it is necessary to cooperate with a set of molds (divided into upper and lower molds), place the material between them, and apply pressure by the machine to deform it. The reaction force formed by the force applied to the material during processing is absorbed by the mechanical body of the pneumatic punch, thereby causing the pneumatic punch to move and process the parts.

The Processing Method of Pneumatic Punching Machine

1. Single punch: Single completion punch, including straight line spread, arc spread, circumferential spread, and grid hole punching.

2. Continuous punching in the same direction: By using the stacking processing method of rectangular mold departments, it is possible to process long holes, cut edges, etc.

3. Multi directional continuous punching: A method of using small molds to process large holes.

4. Cannibalization: The process of using small circular molds to continuously punch curved shapes with smaller steps.

5. Single forming: A processing method of shallow stretching forming in one go according to the shape of the mold.

6. Continuous forming: A processing method for forming larger than the standard mold, such as large standard louvers, rolling ribs, rolling steps, and other processing methods.

7. Array forming: Processing multiple identical or different workpieces on a large plate using a processing method.

Selection Techniques for Pneumatic Punches

1. There are many things processed by pneumatic punching machines, which can be divided into four categories: cutting, stretching, forming, and stamping. They can also be subdivided into categories such as punching, punching, cutting, shearing, stretching, bending, forming, and stamping.

2. The tonnage of pneumatic punch is estimated based on the total tonnage required for mold processing. Therefore, the main factors affecting the tonnage of pneumatic punch include the length of the part perimeter, material thickness, material strength, and other characteristics.

3. The stroke and workbench area are determined by the shape, size, and depth of the stamped parts.

4. The daily production is mainly used to calculate the number of strokes per minute and the required number of pneumatic punches for pneumatic punches. The choice of high-speed or low-speed pneumatic punches can meet the overall production demand.

Therefore, various characteristics are considered together, including part processing characteristics, material characteristics, tool usage characteristics, etc. Generally speaking, for processes such as punching and punching, a pneumatic punch with short stroke and high speed is required; For processes such as forming and stretching, it is necessary to use a long stroke and slower speed pneumatic punch; When used in processes such as embossing and embossing, a short stroke pneumatic punch with high energy at the bottom dead center must be used.

In addition, for the forming, stretching, and pressing processes, there is a critical pressing rate depending on the material, so the material selection also needs to be coordinated with the process. In order to achieve the quality characteristics of the product, the accuracy of the pneumatic punching machine must also be taken into account in order to manufacture excellent products.

Safety regulations for the operation of pneumatic presses

1. The sockets of the machine body and electric control box should not be connected to excessive loads, within 300W, otherwise it will damage the internal components of the machine tool.

2. Before work, check whether the movement department of the pneumatic punch has filled the lubricating oil, then start the pneumatic punch and check whether the clutch and brake are normal, and run the machine without load for 1-3 minutes. It is strictly prohibited to operate the machine in case of failure.

3. When replacing the mold, the power supply should be closed first, and the installation and debugging of the mold can only begin after the moving part of the pneumatic punch has completed operation. When erecting the mold, it is necessary to wait for the flywheel to completely rest before proceeding. When erecting the mold, it is not allowed to exceed the mold height range of the pneumatic punch (within the upper and lower limits), otherwise it may cause damage to the pneumatic punch; The mold cannot be killed, there should be a gap of 0.02~0.04mm. After the mold is installed, rotate the flywheel by hand once to see if it can pass the mold (it should not be too tight)

4. After the installation and adjustment are completed, manually move the flywheel to test punch twice and ensure that there are no errors before starting the pneumatic punch.

5. It is necessary to wait for other personnel to completely detach from the work area of the pneumatic punch and remove any debris from the work table before starting the power supply to start the pneumatic punch.

6. After the pneumatic punch starts, it is operated by one person to transport materials and the pneumatic punch. Other people are not allowed to press the electric switch or step on the foot switch board, nor can they put their hands into the working area of the pneumatic punch or touch the movement department of the pneumatic punch with their hands.

7. When the pneumatic punch is working, it is prohibited to reach into the slider area and use your hands to pick up or place the workpiece. When taking and placing workpieces in the stamping die, it is necessary to apply objects that match the scale. During the manual feeding process, especially when reaching into the mold to assist in feeding, it is necessary to press the emergency stop button to avoid serious consequences.

8. If abnormal noise or mechanical failure is found in the pneumatic punch, the power switch should be quickly closed for inspection.

Maintenance points of pneumatic punch press

1. Always keep the central pillar and slider guide pillar clean, and keep the mold bottom plate free of dirt during mold installation to ensure the cleanliness of the platform and avoid scratches.

2. When the new machine is in use for one month, add butter to the flywheel and feeder. If there is no oil added for a long time, it will cause internal wear of the flywheel and affect the function of the machine tool. It is also necessary to add oil every time maintenance is carried out in the future.

3. Replace the machine cycle oil (32 # mechanical oil or Mobil 1405 #) within one month for the new machine, and then every six months to ensure the normal operation and precision of the machine.